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Sweden has long been lauded as a pioneer in the global shift towards a cashless society.
The Rise of Digital Payments in Sweden
The amount of physical kronor in circulation has decreased by half since 2007, with only 8% of the population using cash in 2022 (SBS Software, 2025).
Digital payment methods, such as the popular Swish mobile app and BankID electronic identification, are widely adopted and seamlessly integrated into daily life (SBS Software, 2025).
Factors like high digital literacy, favorable regulations, and a strong trust in banking institutions have propelled this transition (EOS Intelligence, 2025).
Concerns Over Financial Exclusion
Despite the widespread adoption, the move away from cash has raised alarms regarding financial exclusion for certain demographics.
Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, those with disabilities, and individuals with limited access to technology, may struggle to adapt to an exclusively digital payment landscape (SBS Software, 2025; CashEssentials, 2025).
The Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) has emphasized the need for financial inclusion, urging that more individuals and businesses should have access to digital payment accounts (SBS Software, 2025).
There are calls for banks to offer more limited-functionality accounts to address the issue of some being denied basic payment services (Sveriges Riksbank, 2025).
Resilience of the Payment System in Crisis
Another significant aspect of the debate centers on the resilience of a purely digital payment system during crises.
The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) has advised citizens to keep cash at home for emergencies, explicitly stating its importance if digital systems are disrupted (EU Reporter, 2025).
Geopolitical instability and concerns about cyberattacks have led to a heightened focus on payment system preparedness (EU Reporter, 2025; Sveriges Riksbank, 2025).
The Riksbank supports proposals for an obligation to accept cash for essential goods and services, recognizing its role as a vital backup during power outages or technical failures (CashEssentials, 2025; Sveriges Riksbank, 2025).
Recent Developments and The Riksbank's Stance
Last week, the Riksbank continued to be a central voice in this ongoing discussion.
The Riksbank recently reiterated its support for proposals to introduce an obligation for certain businesses to accept cash (Sveriges Radio (SR), 2025).
This stance highlights the central bank's commitment to ensuring that cash remains a viable payment option for all members of society, particularly for reasons of inclusion and preparedness (CashEssentials, 2025).
They also advocated for strengthening banks' responsibility to offer services related to cash handling, such as allowing private individuals to deposit banknotes (Sveriges Riksbank, 2025).
The debate around Sweden's cashless society is a complex one, highlighting the tension between innovation and social equity. While digital payments offer undeniable convenience and efficiency, the concerns around financial exclusion and the resilience of payment systems in times of crisis are prompting a re-evaluation. The Riksbank's recent actions underscore a growing recognition of cash's continued importance for a truly inclusive and secure financial future, ensuring that progress does not leave anyone behind.
FAQ
Q1: Why is Sweden moving towards a cashless society?
A1: Sweden's shift is driven by factors like high digital literacy, trust in banking, widespread use of mobile payment apps like Swish, and the convenience and efficiency of digital transactions.
Q2: Who is most affected by the move to a cashless society? A2: Primarily, vulnerable groups such as the elderly, individuals with disabilities, and those without reliable access to technology or banking services are most affected by the reduced availability of cash.
Q3: What are the concerns about system resilience in a cashless society? A3: Concerns revolve around the vulnerability of digital payment systems to power outages, cyberattacks, or other crises, which could leave citizens unable to make essential payments if cash is not readily available.
Q4: What is the Riksbank's current position on cash? A4: The Riksbank now advocates for the continued availability of cash, supporting proposals to obligate businesses to accept it for essential goods and strengthening banks' responsibility for cash handling, recognizing its importance for financial inclusion and crisis preparedness.
Sources
CashEssentials. (2025, May 20). Sweden Steps Up Efforts to Reverse the Decline in Cash Usage. Retrieved from
https://cashessentials.org/sweden-steps-up-efforts-to-reverse-the-decline-in-cash-usage/ EOS Intelligence. (2025, April 23). Cashless Sweden: Prepared or Vulnerable?. Retrieved from
https://www.eos-intelligence.com/perspectives/technology/cashless-sweden-prepared-or-vulnerable/ EU Reporter. (2025, June 27). Economic crises, geopolitical instability: Why cash is worth protecting. Retrieved from
https://www.eureporter.co/economy/2025/06/27/economic-crises-geopolitical-instability-why-cash-is-worth-protecting/ SBS Software. (2025, May 23). Sweden's cashless revolution: Is this the end of paper money?. Retrieved from
https://sbs-software.com/insights/sweden-cashless-revolution/ Sveriges Radio (SR). (2025, June 28). The Debate Around Sweden's Cashless Society.
Sveriges Riksbank. (2025, March 10). Payments Report 2025. Retrieved from
https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/payments-in-sweden/payments-report-2025/ Sveriges Riksbank. (2025, May 19). Introduce obligation to accept cash and strengthen banks' responsibility for cash. Retrieved from
https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/press-and-published/notices-and-press-releases/press-releases/2025/introduce-obligation-to-accept-cash-and-strengthen-banks-responsibility-for-cash/
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